Project
Planning & Scheduling
"Someone's
sitting in the shade today because someone planted a tree a long time
ago."
Warren
Buffett.
| Core
Papers & White Papers: |
|
The questions 'what
makes a good schedule?' 'what makes a good planner?' and 'what should
they do?'
are addressed in these papers:
|
Core
Papers
These are substantial papers focusing
on core aspects of our profession.
- A Guide to Scheduling Good
Practice
describes the work undertaken by a scheduler to create an effective
'dynamic
schedule' and is consistent with the PMBOK Guide and the PMI
Practice Standard for Scheduling. [Open
the paper]
- Attributes of a Scheduler
considers
the personal skills and competencies needed by a person to be
an effective scheduler and describes the various 'roles' a scheduler
will have during the life cycle of a typical project including the
difference between planning and scheduling and the scheduling value
proposition. [Open
the paper]
- Dynamic
Scheduling describes
the benefits derived from developing a 'good schedule' as
defined in a 'A Guide to
Scheduling Good Practice'. [Open
the paper]
- Links,
Lags & Ladders
focuses on the issues, problems and challenges of overlapping tasks in
a
schedule using various link types (F-S, S-S, F-F-, S-F) with or without
lead and lag durations, the more sophisticated 'ladder' concept, and
the importance of actively managing the 'space' between tasks. [Open
the paper]
- Schedule
Float discusses
the various calculations
and definitions
for float in both ADM
and PDM networks. [Open
the paper]
- Schedule
Levels
provides a guide the the 5 levels of schedule typically used on major
projects from the 'Master Schedule' to the 'Detailed Short Term
Schedule', adapted from Bechtel & Fluor standards. [Open
the paper]
|
White Papers
These are relatively short papers on a
specific subject.
We
are regularly adding new scheduling White Papers
[Go to full White
Paper listing]
See below for a listing of our
published conference papers |
The
need for good scheduling
practice:
The
disastrous state of schedule practice in the construction industry is
detailed in the report Managing the
Risk of Delayed Completion in the 21st Century
[or download the smaller executive summary].
Between December 2007 and January 2008, The Chartered Institute of
Building (CIOB) conducted a survey of the construction
industry’s
knowledge and experience of different methods of project control, and
time management, record keeping, monitoring and training. The
findings suggest there is a lot of work needed to achieve general 'best
practice', Based on the reports findings, the CIOB believes
that it
is essential to educate project planners and schedulers in time
management best practice with an aim to reduce the
incidence of delayed project
completion.
To achieve
this, the CIOB have adopted a three-phase strategy to develop the
required standards for the performance of effective time control. The CIOB’s
Policy Statement
defines their 3 phase approach to improving schedule management in the
construction industry. Mosaic's Patrick Weaver
is a member of the group of international planners and schedulers
working on this project.
The key person driving the report and the on-going work by CIOB
to develop the 'Best Practice' standard and scheduling certification
was
Keith Pickavance, former CIOB President and Keynote speaker at PM Asia
2008.
Read 'Time is NOT money', a conversation with
Keith Pickavance' for some background on this initiative and
Keith's assertion the 21st Century will be 'The Age of
Time'. We
are working to support
the CIOB initiative to develop 'The
Guide' and it's associated training/certification.
We definitely expect to see the management of 'time risks'
improved from this work and the comparable efforts being lead
by Planning
Planet and the PMI
College of Scheduling.
Publication of 'The
Practice Standard for Scheduling' was only the
beginning!
 |
The Practice Standard for
Scheduling
Price: $60.50
+
Delivery charges $11 (Australia only)
Effective project scheduling is critical to the success of a project.
PMI's The Practice
Standard for Scheduling is a systematic guide describing
the
hallmarks of an effective scheduling methodology, as well as providing
quantifiable means for assessing the maturity of a schedule model.
Chapters: 1 - Intro
(1 p)
2 - Schedule development process (6 p)
3 - Good Practices (9 p)
4 - Scheduling Components (33p)
ie, a listing of items and their
characteristics:
name, required/optional, calculated/manual, data format, behaviour
description, good practices, associated component, definition
5 - Conformance Index (2 p) and Conformance Scoring in Appx D. See
more on Schedule Conformance Scoring
Plus a lengthy Glossary (20 p) |
This standard is available from:
Mosaic/PMI
Melbourne
The PMI Bookshop: www.pmi.org
Amazon: www.amazon.com |
|
Publication
November 2010 |
Guide to
Good Practice in the Management of Time in Complex Projects.
Publication - November 2010: Wiley Blackwell
& CIOB
UK
Without
effective time management there can be no effective resource
management, cost
management or delay management. The primary purpose of this Guide is to
set
down the standards necessary to facilitate the effective and competent
management of time in complex projects. It defines the standards
by which
project schedules will be prepared, quality controlled, updated,
reviewed and
revised in practice and describes the standards of performance which
should
reasonably be required of a project scheduler.
The
Guide has been developed as a scheduling reference
document capable of
wide
application. It is a practical treatise on the processes to be followed
and
standards to be achieved in effective management of time. It can be
used in any
jurisdiction, under any form of contract, with any type of project and
should be identified as the required standard
for the
preparation and updating of contract programs, progress reporting and
time
management.
Read the background to
the development of The
Guide.
|
| Schedule
Conformance Scoring |
|
The
new PMI Practice Standard for Scheduling
include a conformance scoring system that allows schedules to be rated
for conformance with accepted good practice. This version of the
Standards allows assessors to assess whether a schedule uses (ie
contains) a component correctly, not the way it is utilised (ie, its
usefulness).
Assistance
with manual
assessments based on the standard are
available now. For a quotation email:
conformance@mosaicprojects.com.au
To
purchase a copy of the PMI Practice Standard
for
Scheduling go to our [ books
page
]
| Scheduling
Training and Certifications |
|
- PMI-SPsm
Scheduling Professional Credential - PMI's
credential for professional schedulers. For more information
see:PMI-SP
Exam Prep Course
Email: training@mosaicprojects.com.au
to be kept up to date with developments.
- 'How
To' Develop
an Effective Schedule -
Mosaic's 5-STEPS™
(Five Steps To Effective Planning & Scheduling)
workshop is designed
to build and maintain a positive stakeholder
consensus using the power of pro-active 'dynamic scheduling' to
build and
foster a strong team commitment. Based on the PMI Practice Standard for
Scheduling, the workshop focuses on effective
schedule planing and control techniques.
This course is designed for people who already know how to use a
scheduling tool and wish to move their practice to a more advanced
level focused on achieving positive outcomes.
One day and Two day course options: See more on our
Scheduling Training
- Project
Planning and Control
- Mosaic's software based training courses focuses on the optimum way
to
use the software as a tool to assist in developing effective dynamic
schedules
to plan and control time, resources and costs on a project. [ See more on our Scheduling
Software Training ]
Our
thoughts on the value of scheduling credentials were presented to the Victorian
Primavera User Group (VPUG) in August 2008 - [view
the presentation]
| Scheduling
Consultancy and Support |
|
- Mosaic's
consultants have a wide range of skills, honed over 30 years, designed
to enhance the ability
of business to harness the skills of their staff to, plan and track
projects. [ See
more ]
- Mosaic
offers on-site software training and support focusing on the
implementation of practices and procedures to optimise the way the
project management software is used as a tool to assist in developing
effective schedules to plan and control time, resources and costs.
[ See
more ]
- Forensic
schedule analysis. Mosaic, our associates and consultants have
extensive experience in the preparation, analysis and defending of
contract claims. [ See
more ]
| Planning
& Scheduling Resources |
|
Mosaic's
Published Papers
- 5-STEPS,
Five Steps To Ensure Project Success
- The ‘5 Steps To Ensure Project Success’
methodology is a
proven process designed to focus the thinking of the key Stakeholders
onto the parameters required to achieve a successful project outcome. [View Abstract]
- A
Brief History of Scheduling - Back to the Future
- A Brief History of the first 50 years of 'Critical Path'
Scheduling; and arguably the evolution of modern project management.
The suggestion is that the growth of modern project management is a
direct consequence of the need to make effective use of the data
generated by the schedulers in an attempt to manage the 'project' and
control the 'critical path'. [View
Abstract]
- Calculating and Using Float
-
This paper argues that the lack of defined calculations for most of the
float values in a PDM schedule must reduce the overall value of the
schedule model compared to more rigorous approaches but also recognises
that if scheduling is a modelling process designed to affect the future
behaviours of people working on the project other factors may be more
important. [View
Abstract]
- Communication
in organisations: making the schedule effective
- There is no point working hard to develop a schedule that is not
used! Once the schedule has been created or updated, it is its role as
a communication medium that can have the most powerful influence on the
successful delivery of a project and the skills outlined in this
presentation become critical to realising the value embedded in the
scheduling tool. [View
Abstract]
- (The)
Cost of Time - or who's duration is it anyway?
- Probably the most common action undertaken by schedulers
everywhere is assigning a duration to a task. This paper outlines the
factors influencing the choice of an optimum duration. Considers the
factors that can cause the duration to be modified during the planning
phase and then outlines some of the likely costs associated with
accelerating the project. [View
Abstract]
- (The)
Effective Management of Time on Mega Projects - Why there are so many
problems and how to solve them? - The construction
industry’s ability to effectively manage time is
getting worse. In response to this challenge, the CIOB assembled an
international team of project planning and scheduling experts to
develop a Guide
to Good Practice in the Management of Time in Complex Projects
(the Guide). This paper will identify the key elements within the Guide
that proactively contribute to the successful delivery of mega
projects, relate these ideas to practical examples of their use on
mega-projects and offer a way forward to improve time management. [View Abstract]
- Float
- Is It Real?
- The existence of a ‘critical path’ and
non-critical
activities (with their associated ‘float’) grew out
of the
science of ‘scheduling’ as defined by Critical Path
Analysis (CPA) and are barely 50 years old! This paper analyses the
factors creating the ‘critical path’ and
‘float’ within a schedule and then look at ways of
resolving the conflicting views of float encountered in the literature.
Potential solutions include the UK ‘Delay and Disruption
Protocol’, client led integrated teams and the use of
alternative
planning methods such as location based scheduling, trend analysis and
earned schedule. [View
Abstract]
-
Improving
Schedule
Management - This
paper describes the changing role of scheduling within the complex
dynamic environment of modern projects and programs. PMI’s
contributions including the SEI, standards and credentials are
identified. The attributes needed for an effective schedule and the
skills needed by an effective scheduler are described and linked to the
emerging paradigms of complexity theory.
[View Abstract]
- Managing
for Success - The power of regular updates
- Critical path scheduling techniques, supported by efficient
scheduling software have long been recognised as a standard component
in the overall project management process. This paper looks at the
interaction between the analytical and psychological processes involved
in schedule development and control systems to identify ways to deliver
major enhancements in the planning / scheduling process. [View Abstract]
- Project
Controls in the C21 – What works / What’s fiction - This
paper takes a controversial look at the relevance of project control
systems and suggests
the changes in
skills, attitudes and practices needed to keep scheduling, cost control
and EV relevant in the coming years.
[View
Abstract]
- Project
management vs Project scheduling - This
presentation focuses on the differences between successful schedulers
and successful project managers and how together they can create
successful project outcomes.
[View
Abstract]
- Scheduling
in a Defence Environment -
The primary purpose of any schedule should be to help the project
manager and project team optimise the overall strategy for the delivery
of the project, coordinate workflows and assist in the decision making
processes needed to resolve dilemmas and issues on a day-to-day basis.
This paper identifies some of the symptoms of scheduling failure and
then addresses three topics; a discussion of the real purpose and
usefulness of scheduling. the current ‘state of
play’ in
the development of scheduling and some emerging trends that may
re-focus scheduling. [View
Abstract]
- Scheduling
in the Age of Complexity -
This
paper suggests that a radically different approach is needed to make
scheduling relevant and useful in the 21st Century. Starting
with
the ideas derived from Complexity Theory, Complex Responsive Processes
of Relating (CRPR) and the concept of the project team as a
‘Temporary Knowledge Organization (TKO) one can see the
delivery
of the project being crafted by thousands of individual decisions and
actions taken by people who are ‘actors’ within the
social
network of the project team and its immediate surrounds. The
role
of ‘project management’ is to motivate, coordinate
and lead
the team towards the common objective of a successful project outcome.
The project scheduler has a key role in this complex environment
provided the right attitudes, skills and scheduling techniques are used
in the optimum way.
[View
Abstract]
- Seeing the Road Ahead - the
challenge of communicating schedule data -
The successful delivery of projects requires a broad understanding of
what is required to be achieved, by whom and when. However, one of the
key challenges facing schedulers has been to convert the rich data
contained in their schedules into useful information that the project
team can actually use. This paper outlines the evolution of
the
graphical presentation of time related data from 1765 through to
the current time.
[View Abstract]
- Standardising
Quality in Project Scheduling -
The
publication by PMI of its ‘Practice Standard for
Scheduling’ in May 2007 goes a long way towards defining
‘good scheduling practice’
and providing a tool that for the first time allows the unambiguous
assessment of the technical competence of any schedule. Based on the
Practice Standard, PMI have also announced the development of a new
certification for schedulers. This paper provides a detailed review of
the standard, its use as a
conformance measurement tool and an outline of the PMI Scheduling
Credential.
[View Abstract]
- Time
IS NOT Money - “Time
is not money; with money you can put it on the table and you can see
it, and if you leave it, it may even accumulate - whereas with time,
you can’t see it or touch it. It expires at a regular and
consistent rate whether you use it or not.”
- Read the interview 'Time
is NOT money', a conversation with
Keith Pickavance' for some background on Keith's assertion
the 21st Century will be 'The Age of Time'.
[View PDF]
- Or you can view the broadcast of his keynote
presentation at PM Asia by clicking on: http://www.multichanneltv.com/ciob/cio004/
Scheduling
Resources
Mosaic's
Scheduling Blogs - [visit blog]
Scheduling
White Papers - [PMP Supplementary Materials]
Scheduling
Organisations and
Useful Links
Scheduling
Books and Standards
- Preview
and buy PMI's Practice
Standard for Scheduling - a
systematic guide describing the hallmarks of an effective schedule
methodology and providing a quantifiable means for assessing the
maturity of a schedule model. For more information, see: Mosaic's Book Shop
- Preview
and buy Murray
Woolf's 'Faster
Construction Projects with CPM Scheduling'
- Written by
a 30 year scheduling veteran,
this book is packed with hundreds of 'tricks of the trade'. For more
information see: Mosaic's Book
Shop
- Preview
and buy CIOB's Guide
to Good Practice in the Management of Time in Complex Projects
- The Guide
defines the standards by which project schedules will be prepared,
quality controlled, updated, reviewed and revised in practice and
describes the standards of performance which should reasonably be
required of a project scheduler. For more information, see: Mosaic's Book Shop
Scheduling
Software, Tools and Techniques
- Tools
we know and/or use:
- ACOS PLUS.1
is a sophisticated MIS and offers a range of progressive features such
as Milestone Trend or Cost Trend Analysis. Sophisticated layout options
allow compressed bar chart outputs and combined reports. [See
more]
- Deltek Open Plan -
Powerful Project Management software for project planners and
schedulers.
[See
more]
- Micro Planner X-Pert and Manager
- Micro Planner has the best network diagram of any tool we know.
[See
more]
- Microsoft Project -
The ubiquitous project management tool found in every office.
[See
more]
- Primavera
provides a range of software for every aspect of project management
including project planning and scheduling, risk analysis, contract
administration.
[See
more]
- Primavera Risk (formally
Pertmaster)
project
risk analyses your project risk in time and/or money.
[See
more]
- Synchro 4D Modelling links to Primavera and other
scheduling tools: http://www.synchroltd.com
- Methodologies
- 5-STEPS,
the ‘5 Steps To Ensure Project Success’ methodology
is a
proven process designed to focus the thinking of key Stakeholders onto
the parameters required to achieve a successful project outcome.
5-STEPS uses the development of the schedule as a central plank in its
approach to developing an effective project team and fostering positive
stakeholder involvement. [See
more]
- Other
interesting scheduling tools:
- AMS Realtime
solution-set with powerful scheduling, earned value management and
other functionality including an excellent report writing module and
multi resource management to effectively plan and control work, time
and resources in real time at project, program and portfolio level.
Distributors for AMS Realtime in the Asia - Pacific Project Plus Ltd. Or see http://www.amsrealtime.com
- Asta's Project Management
Software:
- CASCAD-e a new
time-scaled precedence diagramming (TSPD) planning tool from CASCAD-e
Systems. Dr. J. Gordon Davis says "Showing
project status on a time-scaled precedence diagram (TSPD) is a very
unforgiving process. Behind-schedule activities and
out-of-sequence work stand out like a sore thumb. But the
recovery opportunities are also apparent." CASCAD-e
imports
data from most standard scheduling applications. For more information
see http://www.cascad-e.net
- Critical Tools: The
tools
can be used by themselves or as an add-on to Microsoft Project. For
more information
see http://www.criticaltools.com
WBS Chart
Pro - plan and display your projects using a Work
Breakdown Structure (WBS) Chart.
PERT Chart Expert, plan and display
your projects using a Precedence Diagram
- jxProject: a free
scheduling tool with resource optimisation and durations down to
minutes - http://www.jxproject.com/
- Gantter.com: Is a
free simple web based tool for drawing bar charts - http://www.gantter.com/
- GanttProject: Is a free
tool for drawing bar charts, flexible open source application - http://www.ganttproject.biz/
- NetPoint™ PMA’s
intuitive Graphical Planning Method™ (GPM) application that
provides an activity network-based process for simplified and
collaborative planning and scheduling to give clarity to all
stakeholders by creating an effective communication tool. See
http://pmatechnologies.com/index.htm
- OpenProj™ is
a free, open source desktop alternative to Microsoft Project. It's
available on Linux, Unix, Mac or Windows, and it's free (this is
probably the best of the free tools). See http://openproj.org
- Open Workbench:
open source scheduling tool similar to OpenProj - http://www.openworkbench.org/
- PlanningForce, Free
resource planning software and management tool - http://www.planningforce-express.com/
- Project Commander -
easy to use, low cost,
intuitive product with it's extensive use of the mouse and WYSIWYG
screens. See www.pmscsolutions.co.uk
- RPM - Relationship
Driven Critical Path Method of planning and schedule analysis (based on
a melding of ADM and PDM ideas) - http://www.fplotnick.com/RDCPM.htm
- Spider - Integrated
schedule, cost and resource management - http://www.spiderproject.ru
- Time Arrow and One Pager annotated
timelines & one page timelines from Microsoft or Excel. See http://www.chroniclegraphics.com
- More
tools
to be added........
PMI
Credentials